入门指南

使用OpenTelemetry for PHP进行开发和运行。

OpenTelemetry for PHP可用于生成和导出tracesmetricslogs

本页将向您展示如何在PHP中使用OpenTelemetry进行入门。我们将创建一个简单的“摇色子”应用程序,然后应用自动和手动的Instrumentation来生成traces并将其导出到控制台上。然后我们将发出一些logs,也会发送到控制台上。

前提条件

自动Instrumentation需要PHP 8.0+,但手动Instrumentation适用于PHP 7.4。

确保您已安装以下内容:

开始之前,请确保在shell中都可用:

php -v
composer -v

示例应用程序

以下示例使用基本的Slim Framework应用程序。如果您不使用Slim也没关系,您也可以将OpenTelemetry PHP与其他Web框架一起使用,例如WordPress、Symfony和Laravel。有关受支持的框架的完整列表,请参见registry

依赖项

在一个空目录中初始化一个最小的composer.json文件:

composer init \
  --no-interaction \
  --require slim/slim:"^4" \
  --require slim/psr7:"^1"
composer update

创建并启动一个HTTP服务器

在同一目录中,创建一个名为index.php的文件,内容如下:

<?php
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface as Response;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as Request;
use Slim\Factory\AppFactory;

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

$app = AppFactory::create();

$app->get('/rolldice', function (Request $request, Response $response) {
    $result = random_int(1,6);
    $response->getBody()->write(strval($result));
    return $response;
});

$app->run();

使用PHP内置的Web服务器运行应用程序:

php -S localhost:8080

在Web浏览器中打开http://localhost:8080/rolldice来确保它正常工作。

添加自动Instrumentation

接下来,您将使用OpenTelemetry PHP扩展来自动Instrumentation应用程序。

  1. 由于扩展是从源代码构建的,您需要安装一些构建工具

    sudo apt-get install gcc make autoconf
    
    brew install gcc make autoconf
    
  2. 使用PECL构建扩展:

    pecl install opentelemetry
    
  3. 将扩展添加到您的php.ini文件中:

    [opentelemetry]
    extension=opentelemetry.so
    
  4. 验证扩展是否已安装并启用:

    php --ri opentelemetry
    
  5. 添加其他依赖项到您的应用程序中,这些依赖项是自动Instrumentation所需的:

    composer config allow-plugins.php-http/discovery false
    composer require \
      open-telemetry/sdk \
      open-telemetry/opentelemetry-auto-slim
    

配置好OpenTelemetry PHP扩展并安装了一个自动Instrumentation包后,您现在可以运行您的应用程序并生成一些traces:

env OTEL_PHP_AUTOLOAD_ENABLED=true \
    OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER=console \
    OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER=none \
    OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER=none \
    php -S localhost:8080

在Web浏览器中打开http://localhost:8080/rolldice并连续刷新页面几次。一段时间后,您应该在控制台上看到已打印的spans:

查看示例输出
[
  {
    "name": "GET /rolldice",
    "context": {
      "trace_id": "16d7c6da7c021c574205736527816eb7",
      "span_id": "268e52331de62e33",
      "trace_state": ""
    },
    "resource": {
      "service.name": "__root__",
      "service.version": "1.0.0+no-version-set",
      "telemetry.sdk.name": "opentelemetry",
      "telemetry.sdk.language": "php",
      "telemetry.sdk.version": "1.0.0beta10",
      "telemetry.auto.version": "1.0.0beta5",
      "process.runtime.name": "cli-server",
      "process.runtime.version": "8.2.6",
      "process.pid": 24435,
      "process.executable.path": "/bin/php",
      "process.owner": "php",
      "os.type": "darwin",
      "os.description": "22.4.0",
      "os.name": "Darwin",
      "os.version": "Darwin Kernel Version 22.4.0: Mon Mar  6 20:59:28 PST 2023; root:xnu-8796.101.5~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T6000",
      "host.name": "OPENTELEMETRY-PHP",
      "host.arch": "arm64"
    },
    "parent_span_id": "",
    "kind": "KIND_SERVER",
    "start": 1684749478068582482,
    "end": 1684749478072715774,
    "attributes": {
      "code.function": "handle",
      "code.namespace": "Slim\\App",
      "code.filepath": "/vendor/slim/slim/Slim/App.php",
      "code.lineno": 197,
      "http.url": "http://localhost:8080/rolldice",
      "http.method": "GET",
      "http.request_content_length": "",
      "http.scheme": "http",
      "http.status_code": 200,
      "http.flavor": "1.1",
      "http.response_content_length": ""
    },
    "status": {
      "code": "Unset",
      "description": ""
    },
    "events": [],
    "links": []
  }
]

添加手动Instrumentation

Traces

手动追踪需要一个TracerProvider。有多种方式来设置一个TracerProvider。在本示例中,我们将使用自动加载的TracerProvider,它是全局可用的。

使用以下代码替换index.php

<?php

use OpenTelemetry\API\Common\Instrumentation\Globals;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface as Response;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as Request;
use Slim\Factory\AppFactory;

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

$tracer = Globals::tracerProvider()->getTracer('demo');

$app = AppFactory::create();

$app->get('/rolldice', function (Request $request, Response $response) use ($tracer) {
    $span = $tracer
        ->spanBuilder('manual-span')
        ->startSpan();
    $result = random_int(1,6);
    $response->getBody()->write(strval($result));
    $span
        ->addEvent('rolled dice', ['result' => $result])
        ->end();
    return $response;
});

$app->run();

再次启动内置的Web服务器,并浏览到http://localhost:8080/rolldice。您应该会看到类似的输出,但是多了一个名为manual-span的新span。

请注意,手动span的parent_span_id与"{closure}" span的context.span_id相同。手动Instrumentation和自动Instrumentation可以很好地协同工作,因为它们在底层使用相同的API。

Logging

现在让我们添加一些日志记录。我们将使用流行的monolog日志记录库,通过一个处理程序以OpenTelemetry格式发出日志。

首先,让我们安装一些其他依赖项:

composer require \
  monolog/monolog \
  open-telemetry/opentelemetry-logger-monolog

使用以下代码替换index.php文件:

<?php

use Monolog\Logger;
use OpenTelemetry\API\Common\Instrumentation\Globals;
use OpenTelemetry\Contrib\Logs\Monolog\Handler;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface as Response;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as Request;
use Psr\Log\LogLevel;
use Slim\Factory\AppFactory;

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

$loggerProvider = Globals::loggerProvider();
$handler = new Handler(
    $loggerProvider,
    LogLevel::INFO
);
$monolog = new Logger('otel-php-monolog', [$handler]);

$app = AppFactory::create();

$app->get('/rolldice', function (Request $request, Response $response) use ($monolog) {
    $result = random_int(1,6);
    $response->getBody()->write(strval($result));
    $monolog->info('dice rolled', ['result' => $result]);
    return $response;
});

$app->run();

使用以下命令启动内置的Web服务器(注意OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER的更改):

env OTEL_PHP_AUTOLOAD_ENABLED=true \
    OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER=console \
    OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER=none \
    OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER=console \
    php -S localhost:8080

这次在浏览器上导航到http://localhost:8080/rolldice时,您应该会看到与以前相同的自动Instrumentation traces,以及由monolog处理程序生成的日志记录。

请注意,日志输出中添加了trace_idspan_id,这些值对应于生成日志消息时的活动span。

查看示例输出
[
    {
        "name": "{closure}",
        "context": {
            "trace_id": "8b046fc5d43864058b6a5a18e0dfce3f",
            "span_id": "9cf24c78c6868bfe",
            "trace_state": ""
        },
        "resource": {
            "service.name": "__root__",
            "service.version": "1.0.0+no-version-set",
            "telemetry.sdk.name": "opentelemetry",
            "telemetry.sdk.language": "php",
            "telemetry.sdk.version": "1.0.0beta11",
            "telemetry.auto.version": "1.0.0beta6",
            "process.runtime.name": "cli-server",
            "process.runtime.version": "8.0.27",
            "process.pid": 2672,
            "process.executable.path": "\/usr\/local\/bin\/php",
            "process.owner": "root",
            "os.type": "linux",
            "os.description": "5.15.0-75-generic",
            "os.name": "Linux",
            "os.version": "#82-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 6 23:10:23 UTC 2023",
            "host.name": "f2c0afe83ea9",
            "host.arch": "x86_64"
        },
        "parent_span_id": "df2199a615085705",
        "kind": "KIND_INTERNAL",
        "start": 1687323704059486500,
        "end": 1687323704060820769,
        "attributes": {
            "code.function": "__invoke",
            "code.namespace": "Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse",
            "code.filepath": "\/usr\/src\/myapp\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php",
            "code.lineno": 28
        },
        "status": {
            "code": "Unset",
            "description": ""
        },
        "events": [],
        "links": []
    }
]
[
    {
        "name": "GET \/rolldice",
        "context": {
            "trace_id": "8b046fc5d43864058b6a5a18e0dfce3f",
            "span_id": "df2199a615085705",
            "trace_state": ""
        },
        "resource": {
            "service.name": "__root__",
            "service.version": "1.0.0+no-version-set",
            "telemetry.sdk.name": "opentelemetry",
            "telemetry.sdk.language": "php",
            "telemetry.sdk.version": "1.0.0beta11",
            "telemetry.auto.version": "1.0.0beta6",
            "process.runtime.name": "cli-server",
            "process.runtime.version": "8.0.27",
            "process.pid": 2672,
            "process.executable.path": "\/usr\/local\/bin\/php",
            "process.owner": "root",
            "os.type": "linux",
            "os.description": "5.15.0-75-generic",
            "os.name": "Linux",
            "os.version": "#82-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 6 23:10:23 UTC 2023",
            "host.name": "f2c0afe83ea9",
            "host.arch": "x86_64"
        },
        "parent_span_id": "",
        "kind": "KIND_SERVER",
        "start": 1687323704058191192,
        "end": 1687323704060981779,
        "attributes": {
            "code.function": "handle",
            "code.namespace": "Slim\\App",
            "code.filepath": "\/usr\/src\/myapp\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php",
            "code.lineno": 197,
            "http.url": "http:\/\/localhost:8080\/rolldice",
            "http.method": "GET",
            "http.request_content_length": "",
            "http.scheme": "http",
            "http.status_code": 200,
            "http.flavor": "1.1",
            "http.response_content_length": ""
        },
        "status": {
            "code": "Unset",
            "description": ""
        },
        "events": [],
        "links": []
    }
]
{
    "resource": {
        "attributes": {
            "service.name": "__root__",
            "service.version": "1.0.0+no-version-set",
            "telemetry.sdk.name": "opentelemetry",
            "telemetry.sdk.language": "php",
            "telemetry.sdk.version": "1.0.0beta11",
            "telemetry.auto.version": "1.0.0beta6",
            "process.runtime.name": "cli-server",
            "process.runtime.version": "8.0.27",
            "process.pid": 2672,
            "process.executable.path": "\/usr\/local\/bin\/php",
            "process.owner": "root",
            "os.type": "linux",
            "os.description": "5.15.0-75-generic",
            "os.name": "Linux",
            "os.version": "#82-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 6 23:10:23 UTC 2023",
            "host.name": "f2c0afe83ea9",
            "host.arch": "x86_64"
        },
        "dropped_attributes_count": 0
    },
    "scope": {
        "name": "monolog",
        "version": null,
        "attributes": [],
        "dropped_attributes_count": 0,
        "schema_url": null,
        "logs": [
            {
                "timestamp": 1687323704059648000,
                "observed_timestamp": 1687323704060784128,
                "severity_number": 9,
                "severity_text": "INFO",
                "body": "dice rolled",
                "trace_id": "8b046fc5d43864058b6a5a18e0dfce3f",
                "span_id": "9cf24c78c6868bfe",
                "trace_flags": 1,
                "attributes": {
                    "channel": "otel-php-monolog",
                    "context": {
                        "result": 4
                    }
                },
                "dropped_attributes_count": 0
            }
        ]
    }
}

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最后修改 December 10, 2023: translate (a4350d6e)